---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A1r Title: Machine Learning for Photon Science Data reduction DESY group: FS-DS (Photon Science Detector Group) Type: Tandem project (remote part) Duration: 19th july - 10th sep 2021 Description: With the development of our next generation multi-mega pixel detectors for synchrotron and Free-Electron Laser experiments, we will be generating multi terabits/sec of data. This means we cannot use the classical approach of first storing the data, for later offline processing. Therefore, we have started a large project in our detector group, for investigating optimal strategies for online data processing and reduction. A special emphasis is to investigate the usefulness of machine learning techniques in this respect. You will be working in a team of hardware, software and firmware specialists inside the detector development group. Using real data obtained from previous experiments at the European XFEL, and a variety of hardware platforms including: CPU-, GPU-, and FPGA-farms. Special Qualifications expected: Strong programming skills and interest (C++, Python, etc.). First experience with machine learning concepts. Physics, electrical engineering or computing background. Link to further information: https://photon-science.desy.de/research/technical_groups/detectors/index_eng.html Cancellation Policy: If due to the Covid-19 pandemic no student can be onsite, we will organise the project with two offsite students. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A1s Title: Machine Learning for Photon Science Data reduction DESY group: FS-DS (Photon Science Detector Group) Type: Tandem project (On-site part) Duration: 19th july - 10th sep 2021 Description: With the development of our next generation multi-mega pixel detectors for synchrotron and Free-Electron Laser experiments, we will be generating multi terabits/sec of data. This means we cannot use the classical approach of first storing the data, for later offline processing. Therefore, we have started a large project in our detector group, for investigating optimal strategies for online data processing and reduction. A special emphasis is to investigate the usefulness of machine learning techniques in this respect. You will be working in a team of hardware, software and firmware specialists inside the detector development group. Using real data obtained from previous experiments at the European XFEL, and a variety of hardware platforms including: CPU-, GPU-, and FPGA-farms. Special Qualifications expected: Strong programming skills and interest (C++, Python, etc.). First experience with machine learning concepts. Physics, electrical engineering or computing background. Link to further information: https://photon-science.desy.de/research/technical_groups/detectors/index_eng.html Cancellation Policy: If due to the Covid-19 pandemic no student can be onsite, we will organise the project with two offsite students. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A2 Title: Processing serial crystallography data measured at FELs and synchrotrons DESY group: FS-CFEL-1 (Coherent Imaging Group) Type: Remote project Duration: 19th july - 10th sep 2021 Description: Our group (group leader H.N.Chapman) is one of the inventors of Serial Crystallography (SX) – the method when many protein crystals are measured in random orientations to get the full 3D structure of the protein. This technique was developed for Free Electron Lasers (FELs) but now is becoming a standard technique used at modern synchrotrons. Having a lot of experience and expertise in SX our group is involved in many experiments at the most advanced x-ray sources in the world (LCLS, eXFEL, Petra3, APS, ESRF). Each experiment produces 50-1000Tb of data and we are involved in 1-3 experiments per month. Therefore we have a lot of interesting data to process. And the result of such experiment is usually published in a high impact factor journal. The summer student has a chance to participate in some experiments (most probably remotely) – depending on the schedule of the beamtimes during summer. If the student likes the data processing activity, the scientific collaboration can be extended outside the time frame of the summer school and become more permanent. Special Qualifications expected: Some knowledge in protein crystallography, python and using Linux will be useful. Link to further information: https://cid.cfel.de/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A3 Title: Serial protein crystallography using non-monochromatic x-ray beam and electrons DESY group: FS-CFEL-1 (Coherent Imaging Group) Type: Remote project Duration: 19th july - 10th sep 2021 Description: Our group (group leader H.N.Chapman) is developing methods of using non-monochromatic (“pink”) x-ray beam and electron beam to study protein crystals. Mostly we are doing it for Serial Crystallography (SX) – the method when many protein crystals are measured in random orientations to get the full 3D structure of the protein. Usage of “pink” beam allows to study fast dynamics (down to 100ps) while electron diffraction can be performed in the lab, without the need to access synchrotrons. Our group is developing algorithms for processing both “pink” and electron diffraction data measured during SX experiments. We have already collected a lot of data at the most advances sources in the world (for pink beam at APS and ESRF and for electrons at SLAC and DESY) and in the recent future we plan to perform more experiments. Each experiment produces up to 100Tb of diffraction frames, so we have a lot of interesting data to process. And the result of such experiment is usually published in a high impact factor journal. The summer student has a chance to participate in some experiments (most probably remotely) – depending on the schedule of the beamtimes during summer. Also the student is encouraged to contribute in the software development. If the student likes the activity, the scientific collaboration can be extended outside the time frame of the summer school and become more permanent. Special Qualifications expected: Some knowledge in protein crystallography, python and using Linux will be useful. Link to further information: https://cid.cfel.de/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A4 Title: Studying the influence of various solvents on the surface structure and roughness of thin CNF layers DESY group: FS-PETRA-D (PETRA Diffraction and Scattering) Type: On-site project Duration: 19.7.-30.8.21 (6 weeks) Description: Cellulose is a sustainable material with many beneficial properties which make it a suitable candidate as carrier material in multilayered systems. Part of our work is to functionalize thin films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with various materials dispersed in different solvents via spray deposition. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of these solvents on the surface structure and roughness of the CNF layers. In the first step of this project, multiple CNF layers of different thicknesses shall be prepared using spray deposition. The best spray parameters for various solvents shall be investigated. In the second step, the fabricated CNF layers shall be sprayed with the solvents and possible changes in the structure and roughness of the CNF layers shall be analyzed using AFM. Finally, the most promising samples shall be prepared ex situ to analyze their surface structure with GISAXS. Special Qualifications expected: BSc in physics or chemistry or nanoscience, used to handling chemicals; basic knowledge of atomic force microscopy and Xray scattering techniques Link to further information: desy.de/~sroth Cancellation Policy: As the project requires hands-on activities, it can only be done on-site and will therefore be canceled, if on-site participation won't be possible. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A5 Title: Model-based analysis of interface evolution during spray coating DESY group: FS-PETRA-D (PETRA Diffraction and Scattering) Type: Remote project Duration: 19.7.-10.9. (full timeframe) Description: In modern thin film technology, spray coating plays a crucial role in fabricating flexible electronics and photovoltaics. The complex interface and multilayer structure are deduced by surface-sensitive scattering methods. Spray coating was applied to create functional layers, from novel latex colloids to complex biomaterials templates. There is a strong need to go beyond a one-dimensional analysis and to investigate the use of simulation-based analysis. The real-space structure is modeled (size and distribution of the nanostructures in three dimensions), the scattering pattern is calculated and compared to the experimental data. Hence, the goal of this project is to simulate the scattering pattern based on established algorithms and based on our results recently obtained. The project includes image analysis, machine learning, supercomputing, as well as establishing reliable and feedback fitting routines. The simulations will be compared to previously acquired data. Ultimately, the project participates in establishing a digital twin of the real experiments. Special Qualifications expected: BSc in Physics or Chemistry, basic programming skills would be beneficial (but not mandatory) Link to further information: desy.de/~sroth ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A6 Title: Switching behaviour in MoS2-based memristors DESY group: FS-PETRA-D (PETRA Diffraction and Scattering) Type: On-site Duration: 19th july - 10th sep 2021 Description: This summer student work will be dealing with a study of a memristor's resistive states at various ambient humidity using grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). The memristor is an electrical element that resistive state depends on the passed charged. These elements can be used as a new type of data storage device or an active element for neuromorphic computation. Ag/2D-MoS2/Ag structure as a memristor with the resistance ratio between on and off state higher than 10^6 and set voltage lower than 0.2V will be prepared on the surface of anodic alumina membrane by spin-coating technique. An in-situ experiment on the memristor active layer based on MoS2 nanosheets during the memristor switching between resistance stages will be provided for the memristor switching mechanism determination at the different humidity atmosphere in the humidity cell. A Schottky barrier screening by vacancies or dissolving Ag+ ions associated with conductive filament formation will be considered as two possible switching mechanisms. Both increases in the scattering contrast and the interlayer distance between MoS2 nanosheets due to the intercalation of Ag+ ions are expected to be revealed with the experiment of the synchrotron radiation in GIWAXS geometry. The memristor switching mechanism determination will allow suggesting a new way to create memristors with outstanding characteristics. Special Qualifications expected: Experience in operation with electrochemical setups and impedance spectroscopy Experience in thin films deposition (with casting or coating techniques) and characterization Cancellation Policy: If due to the CoViD-19 pandemic the student can not be on-site, the project will be converted to a remote project. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A7 Title: Operando study of the interlayer distance in 2D-membranes DESY group: FS-PETRA-D (PETRA Diffraction and Scattering) Type: On-site Duration: 19th july - 10th sep 2021 Description: The scientific work of the summer student will be focused on the investigation of liquid-gas separation in alcohol-water and alkane mixtures using novel membranes based on 2D nanoparticles by grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) technique. Nowadays membrane processes gain major importance for numerous technological separation tasks including gas sweetening, desalination, bioethanol production, alcohol separation, etc. Promising membrane technologies include the utilization of 2D membranes with slit-like galleries operating with molecular sieving and capillary condensation mechanisms. The performance of these processes depends strongly on the interlayer spacing between semipermeable layers (typically 0,3-1,5 nm) which can be easily studied by GIWAXS technique. The membranes under investigation will consist of 2D hydrophilic (graphene oxide, MXenes) and hydrophobic (reduced graphene oxide, chemically modified GO, CdTe@oleic acid) layers. All kinds of samples will be prepared by spin-coating technique on the surface of anodic alumina membranes. The goal of this work will be to directly observe the liquid-gas separation as a function of vapour pressure using 2 chambers humidity/liquid cell in the in operando GIWAXS experiments. It is expected, that the knowledge of the interlayer distance in operando conditions will shed light on the permeation mechanism in 2D materials and will enable the further design of 2D membranes with enhanced separation efficiency and performance. Special Qualifications expected: Knowledge of general electrochemistry. Experience in electrochemical methods and impedance spectroscopy Experience in thin films deposition (with casting or coating techniques) and characterization Cancellation Policy: If due to the CoViD-19 pandemic the student can not be on-site, the project will be converted to a remote project. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A8r Title: Interferometric mirror tracking system DESY group: FS-PETRA (X-Ray Nanoscience and X-Ray Optics Group) Type: Tandem project (remote part) Duration: 19th july - 10th sep 2021 Description: The project is to make a mirror tracking system based on interferometrically measured positions of the total external reflective mirror displacement. A piezo actuator will drive the mirror with a ~500Hz frequency. The optical interferometer has to collect the positions with MHz frame rate. The data is collected while the mirror is being moved and analyzed afterward. We are seeking two students to work in cooperation. The first student will be onsite working on the hardware part of the project. He/She needs to have a hands-on optical background and be responsible for assembling and testing the set-up. The second one will be offsite, working on the software part of the project. He/She also needs to have knowledge of optics and also to have experience in programming on C++/Python. Special Qualifications expected: programming experience with C++ and Python Cancellation Policy: In case on-site participation should be impossible, the remote part will still go forward. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A8s Title: Interferometric mirror tracking system DESY group: FS-PETRA (X-Ray Nanoscience and X-Ray Optics Group) Type: Tandem project (on-site part) Duration: 19th july - 10th sep 2021 Description: The project is to make a mirror tracking system based on interferometrically measured positions of the total external reflective mirror displacement. A piezo actuator will drive the mirror with a ~500Hz frequency. The optical interferometer has to collect the positions with MHz frame rate. The data is collected while the mirror is being moved and analyzed afterward. We are seeking two students to work in cooperation. The first student will be onsite working on the hardware part of the project. He/She needs to have a hands-on optical background and be responsible for assembling and testing the set-up. The second one will be offsite, working on the software part of the project. He/She also needs to have knowledge of optics and also to have experience in programming on C++/Python. Special Qualifications expected: programming experience with C++ and Python Cancellation Policy: In case on-site participation should be impossible, the on-site part will be canceled. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A9 Title: Optical setup for measuring thickness of liquid sheets DESY group: FS-CFEL-1 (Coherent Imaging Group) Type: On-site project Duration: 19th july - 10th sep 2021 Description: Many powerful tools for studying biological systems, such as soft x-ray spectroscopy and single particle imaging, often require extremely thin samples due to strong absorption or background. This has been especially difficult for biological samples in liquid, as it is a challenge to have thin and free standing liquid films. We develop high-resolution 3D printed devices that generate sub-micrometer thin liquid sheets and we aim to eliminate their largest disadvantage – the sample consumption. This summer project is aimed at building an optical imaging setup with a goal to measure the thickness of the liquid sheets based on thin film interference effects. Light ray reflected from the surface of the film can interfere constructively (bright) or destructively (dark) with a ray reflected from the back of the film based on the film thickness. Additional thickness information can be inferred from the color when using white light. Furthermore, the work would involve 3D printing of the devices, collecting the data, and analyzing the pictures in python. Special Qualifications expected: optics, python (preferably) Link to further information: https://desycloud.desy.de/index.php/s/dXAMg2Qcf8Zi2wi Cancellation Policy: If the student cannot come to DESY due to the COVID situation, the project will get canceled. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A10 Title: Collective emission of atoms in high-intensity pulses of an x-ray free electron laser DESY group: FS-TUXS (Theoretical Ultrafast X-ray Science) Type: Remote project Duration: 19th july - 10th sep 2021 Description: The ultrashort high-intensity pulses from x-ray free-electron lasers can drive the matter in novel states. In our group, we investigate the x-ray self-amplifying state that transiently appears after massive inner-shell photoionization. In these conditions, spontaneously emitted x-ray fluorescence develops into collective emission resulting in short and intense x-ray bursts -- that can be used as a spectroscopic tool or as an x-ray source with unique properties. Theoretical description of this process is challenging -- it requires quantum-mechanical treating of the initial stage, dealing with the macroscopic amount of emitters, and accounting for field propagation effects. Within the summer student programme, we propose to start with theoretical modeling of collective emission from few (two-level) atoms -- a solvable case where one can obtain insights into the collective emission process. As a next step, ways to generalize to the macroscopic amount of atoms can be considered and crossover to continuous description can be studied. The results of the project may help in understanding the role of a local arrangement of atoms on collective x-ray emission properties, and could be investigated further jointly. We expect from the candidates the knowledge of quantum mechanics (quantum optics) and basic skills in numerical modeling (e.g., in Python). Special Qualifications expected: Theoretical background and basic knowledge of quantum mechanics are required. Skills in numerical modeling would be beneficial for the project. Link to further information: https://tuxs.desy.de/careers/ Depending on the situation in the summer and the residency of the applicant, this remote project may be converted into an on-site project. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A11 Title: Structure and dynamics of biomimetic lipid membranes: A new hydration chamber for lipid membranes - calibration and proof of principle DESY group: FS-PETRA-D (PETRA Diffraction and Scattering) Type: On-site project Duration: 19th july - 29th august 2021 Description: The project belongs to the field of surfaces and interfaces in soft matter, with a focus on the structure and dynamics of biomimetic lipid membranes. This project extends over six-weeks, including both hands-on and data analysis experimental work. Preferentially, it shall be conducted on site at Hamburg DESY campus. The student will join into our efforts to develop a hydration chamber for oriented lipid membranes for X-ray experiments. Specifically, the chamber will be calibrated and tested in an initial swelling experiment with a laboratory X-ray diffractometer. In parallel, the student will be trained in data analysis by working on datasets from a previous X-ray experiment such as to get familiar with the structural studies on lipid systems. Eventually, the student will join an X-ray experiment at beamline P08 using the new chamber and analyze the obtained data. The student will be co-supervised by Dr. Shen from DESY and Prof. Klösgen from the University of Southern Denmark. Special Qualifications expected: - bachelor of sciences in physics; - previous participation in X-ray experiment advantageous, but not demanded Link to further information: https://www.desy.de/f/students/2021/projects/A11.pdf Cancellation Policy: This project may be cancelled any time due to CoViD pandemic restrictions. It can not be transformed into an online project. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Project: A12 Title: Multi-particle analysis of ultrafast molecular photoreactions DESY group: FS-ATTO (Attosecond Science) Type: Remote project Duration: 19th july - 10th sep 2021 Description: In the attosecond science and technology group at CFEL (https://atto.cfel.de), we generate ultrashort laser pulses with attosecond (1 fs = 10^−18 s) or few-femtosecond (1 fs = 10^−15 s) duration. We use them to trigger photoreactions in molecules (often biologically relevant ones) and to follow in real-time how the atoms and electrons move and interact. With our research we aim at understanding and potentially manipulating ultrafast processes and, ultimately, the early steps of photochemistry. We can host up to two students, who will learn (via online meetings) about experimental methods in ultrafast laser and molecular science, as well as the scientific motivations and challenges driving this research field. After training, the students will write programs/scripts to analyse existing experimental data and discus with us to refine the conclusions and follow up ideas. This includes combined photoion & photoelectron data that give information about ultrafast dynamics in molecules from experiments with infrared, ultraviolet and/or extreme ultraviolet photons. We are currently building a soft x-ray beamline and hope to be able to let the students follow this process and analyse the first spectra. Special Qualifications expected: Programming experience helpful, but not required Link to further information: https://www.desy.de/f/students/2021/projects/A12.pdf ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------